Wyoming’s horse-race betting industry has seen explosive growth since the legalization of machine gambling based on historic horse races in 2013, with the total amount wagered reaching over $2.1 billion in 2024. This surge is driven almost entirely by nearly 3,000 historic horse racing machines spread across 45 off-track betting facilities statewide, rather than live races. These machines resemble slot machines but base outcomes on past horse races, allowing bettors to use statistics to handicap races. The industry has revitalized Wyoming’s horse racing sector, supporting breeders, trainers, and tracks, and has created hundreds of jobs. However, the rapid expansion of gambling venues, especially in cities like Cheyenne, has raised concerns among local officials who feel they lack regulatory control and face growing constituent complaints about the proliferation of gambling.

Despite the economic benefits, the social costs of gambling remain uncertain. State officials and advocacy groups acknowledge a potential rise in problem gambling, though data is limited. Wyoming’s self-exclusion program has seen only 20 participants since 2021, suggesting underreporting. Anecdotal evidence from problem gambling counselors indicates increasing distress among affected individuals, with calls for help rising. National research links gambling addiction to increased suicide risk, a serious concern for Wyoming. In response, lawmakers are considering raising taxes on gambling operators to fund mental health and addiction services, while debating how to balance industry growth with community well-being and regulatory oversight.