Hate is a complex and subjective concept that lacks a clear legal definition. While often viewed negatively, it can also be used to express opposition to injustice or sin. Hate crime legislation aims to protect vulnerable groups, but expanding the list of protected categories could have unintended consequences, potentially limiting freedom of speech and expression.

The increasing number of protected categories in hate crime legislation raises concerns about the potential censorship of opinions and beliefs that society deems unacceptable. While psychological harm is recognized as a form of harm, criminalizing hostile attitudes risks infringing on freedom of expression. John Stuart Mill’s writings on liberty emphasize the importance of protecting the rights of individuals to hold differing opinions, even if they are in the minority.

The expansion of state power through hate speech laws threatens the freedoms of free societies. Liberals and conservatives, as defenders of freedom of speech, should consider whether allowing such an expansion of state power aligns with their principles. The potential consequences of limiting freedom of expression in the name of a good cause should be carefully considered to prevent the erosion of fundamental rights.