Emily Weiss, Ph.D., an applied animal behaviorist and equine welfare expert, emphasizes that the key to solving equine behavior challenges lies in positive reinforcement—rewarding desired behaviors to make them feel good for the horse. She explains that understanding why a horse behaves a certain way requires thinking like a horse, considering their perspective and motivations rather than human assumptions. For example, trailer loading can be stressful due to changes in lighting, so modifying the environment and using rewards like food or touch can encourage cooperation. Weiss advocates pairing a consistent signal (a “bridge” or marker sound) with treats to clearly communicate to the horse when it has performed the correct behavior, enhancing learning and trust.
Weiss contrasts positive reinforcement with traditional negative reinforcement (pressure and release), noting that positive methods can build confidence and reduce fear, especially in sensitive horses. She highlights the importance of timing and consistency in delivering rewards and cautions against inadvertently reinforcing pushy behavior by giving treats at the wrong times. To maintain behaviors without constant treats, she recommends variable reinforcement, where rewards are given intermittently. Weiss also advises against using food as a lure, advocating instead for training horses to willingly approach and accept handling through clear cues and rewards, which fosters trust and reliability, especially in emergencies. Overall, positive reinforcement is a valuable tool that, when combined with traditional methods, can transform horse training and improve welfare.
