Ketamine, originally developed as a powerful anaesthetic for humans and animals, has become increasingly popular as a recreational “club drug,” especially among young people. Known for its hallucinogenic and dissociative effects, ketamine is often snorted or injected at parties, producing intensified emotions and experiences such as “K-land” and “K-hole.” However, misuse can lead to serious health issues like bladder damage and has been linked to a rising number of fatalities, including high-profile deaths such as actor Matthew Perry and RuPaul’s Drag Race star The Vivienne. Currently classified as a Class B drug in the UK, ketamine possession carries penalties of up to five years in prison, but its use continues to grow.

In response to the surge in ketamine-related harm and deaths, the UK government is investigating whether to reclassify ketamine as a Class A drug, which would impose harsher penalties including up to life imprisonment for supply offenses. This review, commissioned by the Policing Minister and advised by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, aims to address the public safety concerns linked to ketamine’s widespread recreational use. Authorities emphasize a multi-sector approach involving health, policing, and public services to reduce drug misuse and protect communities, while also providing support resources for those struggling with addiction.